Inside AnandTech 2013: CPU Performance

Inside AnandTech 2013: CPU Performance

Last week I kicked off a short series on the hardware behind our current network infrastructure. In the first post I presented a high level overview of the hardware that runs AnandTech, while in the second post I detailed our All-SSD Architecture. Today I wanted to do some rough CPU comparisons to show how much faster the new hardware is, and on Monday I'll conclude the series with a discussion of power savings.

Our old infrastructure was built in the mid-2000s, mostly around dual-core processors. For our most compute heavy systems, we had to rely on multiple dual-core processors to deliver the CPU performance we needed. Once again I'm using our old Forums database server, an HP DL585, as an example here. 

This old 4U box used AMD's Opteron 880 CPUs. The Opteron 880 was a 90nm 2.4GHz part with 2 x 1MB L2 caches, and a 95W TDP. Our DL585 configuration had four of these 880s, each on their own processor card, bringing the total core count up to 8.

We replaced it (and all of our other servers) with 2U dual-socket systems based on Intel's Xeon L5640 processors. Each L5640 features 6-cores, making each server a 12-core machine, running at 2.26GHz with a 60W max TDP.

The spec comparison is pretty interesting:

AnandTech Server CPU Comparison
Â	AT Forums DB Server (2006)	AT Forums DB Server (2013)
Server Size	4U	2U
CPU	4 x AMD Opteron 880	2 x Intel Xeon L5640
Total Cores / Threads	8 / 8	12 / 24
Manufacturing Process	90nm	32nm
Release Year	2005	2010
Number of Cores per Chip	2	6
L1 / L2 / L3 Cache per Chip	2 x 64KB / 2 x 1MB / 0MB	6 x 64KB / 6 x 256KB / 12MB
On-die Memory Interface	2 x 64-bit DDR-400	2 x 64-bit DDR3-1333
Max Frequency (Non-Turbo)	2.40GHz	2.26GHz
Max Turbo Frequency	-	2.80GHz
Max TDP	95W	60W
Die Size per Chip	199 mm2	240 mm2
Transistor Count per Chip	233M	1.17B
Launch Price per Chip	$ 2649	$ 996

Although die area has gone up a bit, you get 3x the number of cores, a lot more cache and much more memory bandwidth. The transistor count alone shows you how much things have improved from 2005 to 2010. It's also far more affordable to deliver this sort of compute. Although I won't touch on it here (saving that for the final installment), you get all of this with a nice reduction in power consumption.

Now the question is how much has performance improved? Simulating our live workload on a single box without the infrastructure that goes along with it is a bit difficult, so I turned to some quick Integer and FP benchmarks to give a general idea of the magnitude of improvement:

AnandTech Server CPU Performance Comparison
Â	4 x AMD Opteron 880	2 x Intel Xeon L5640	Speedup
7-Zip Benchmark (1 Thread)	2194	3053	39%
7-Zip Benchmark (Multithreaded)	16130	38764	140%
Cinebench 11.5 (Multithreaded)	4.5	11.43	154%

Unlike what we saw in our SSD vs. HDD comparison, there are no 19x gains here. Single threaded performance only improves by 39% over a span of 5 years at roughly similar clocks (it's a little worse if you take into account the L5640's turbo boost). The days of huge/easy improvements in single threaded performance ended a while ago. Multithreaded performance shows much better gains thanks to the fact that we have 50% more cores and 3x the number of threads in the new server.

All of this comes at a lower TDP and lower price point, despite the 20% larger die area. The market was very different back when the Opteron 880 launched.

If you're still running on large, old and outdated hardware, you can easily double performance by moving to something more modern - all while reducing power and rackspace. If your workload remained the same (or very similar), you could thoretically replace multiple 4U servers with half as many 2U servers given the sort of performance/density improvements we saw here. And 2U boxes aren't even as dense as they get. If space/rack density is a concern, there are options in the 1U space or by going to blades.

Looking back at what we had almost 7 years ago makes me wonder about what the enterprise market will look like 5 - 7 years from now. Presumably we'd be able to deliver similar performance to what we have deployed today with a much smaller, even more power efficient platform (~10nm). There's a lot of talk of going to many smaller cores vs. the big beefy Xeon cores we have here. There's also the question of how much headway the ARM players will make into the enterprise space over the coming years. I suspect, at a minimum, we'll see substantially increased price pressure on Intel. AMD was headed in that direction prior to its recent struggles, but the ARM folks should be able to deliver once they navigate their own 64-bit transition.

This will be a very interesting post to revisit around 2017 - 2018, when our L5640s will be 7+ years old...